175 - Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Aedes Mosquitoes: Assessing Dengue Risk in Urban Environments

Abstract: Mosquito-borne diseases present a significant public health challenge, particularly in regions characterized by humid subtropical climates and dense populations, such as Harris County, Texas. Dengue outbreaks have sporadically occurred in the U.S., with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus serving as the primary vectors. Although dengue virus is not endemic to the continental U.S., southern coastal cities remain at high risk due to favorable climate conditions, global travel, and the year-round presence of these vectors. Notably, Miami-Dade County, Florida, has reported a surge in dengue cases from 2022 to 2023, with an unprecedented outbreak, including 24 locally acquired cases in 2024.

This study examines spatial and temporal trends in the abundance and distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus using surveillance data from Harris County Public Health Mosquito and Vector Control from 2021 to 2024. We observed that Ae. aegypti populations peak in urban centers during the summer months, while Ae. albopictus exhibits a more consistent year-round abundance with less distinct spatial patterns. Though Ae. albopictus is less efficient at transmitting dengue, the widespread abundance of Ae. albopictus contributes to the emergence risk in Harris County. Understanding these dynamics is essential for refining vector control strategies in these at-risk areas.