215 - Identifying mosquitoes for surveillance and control in Europe

Globalization and climate change continue to alter mosquito distribution patterns. Tools and strategies developed for species identification are increasingly crucial for mitigating the public health risks associated with vector-borne diseases.

Here’s an overview of the recent approach to the taxonomy and systematics of mosquitoes. Researchers use a combination of traditional morphology, molecular techniques, and innovative technologies to tackle the challenge of mosquito diversity and richness.

Molecular methods, particularly DNA barcoding and whole-genome sequencing, have identified and differentiated cryptic species within genera such as Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles. These approaches have refined species boundaries and contributed to a more accurate understanding of vector ecology.

Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), based on high-throughput analysis of protein profiles, is a powerful tool particularly used for invasive species identification from eggs.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches started supporting non-invasive and invasive mosquito species detection, aiding European surveillance programs.

One intriguing development has been the integration of geometric morphometrics based on wing shape analysis, offering a cost-effective method for distinguishing morphologically similar species. This technique, combined with molecular data, enhances the identification process.

It is important to highlight that, the importance of studying the morphological characteristics of mosquitoes is recognized. Some research point out evidence of rare species need to be studied again or even redescribed; verifying the fact that traditional morphology still need more time and investment.

The European approach to mosquito taxonomy has been shaped by the need for accurate and efficient species identification to support vector control programs. Advancements are critical for enhancing and pertaining public health interventions across the continent.